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| 8. _______ more attention , the trees could have grown better. 翻译:如果多给些照顾,那些树会长得更好 解析:树被给更多的照顾 A.. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given | | 现在分词 | 过去分词 | | | doing | done | | 进行 | | being done | doing: 用于主动未完成 done : 用于被动已完成 作用: 1.动词————形容词(作定语) 2.分词————状语 位置:单个词前置 多个词后置(being done "天生后置" 意思:正在被 )
1.【分词作状语 】 回顾:状语从句 1.Although he failed many times , he never gave up his faith 翻译:虽然他失败了很多次,但他从未放弃他的信念
转换为: 从句主语 he 与 主句主语 he 一致 , failed 谓语弱化为分词, 他是主动失败,doing Failing many times, he never gave up his faith 2.When she sits in the cafe , sunshine falls on her shoulders. 翻译:当她坐在咖啡馆时,阳光洒在她的肩膀上
转换不了:从句主语 she 与 主句主语 sunshine 不同
3.If you play all the day , you will lose your time. 翻译:如果你整天玩,你会浪费时间的
转换为:从句主语 you 与 主句主语 you 一致 , play 谓语弱化为分词, 你是主动玩,doing playing all the day , you will lose your time. 4.Because the young lady was given advice by the teacher , the young lady was no longer afraid. 翻译:因为老师给了她忠告,这位年轻女士不再害怕了 转换为:从句主语 the young lady 与 主句主语 the young lady 一致 , given 谓语弱化为分词, 她是被动给忠告,done Given given advice by the teacher , the young lady was no longer afraid. b).''表示时间状语 例: When they heard the news , they got excite 翻译:当他们听到这个消息时,他们变得兴奋起来 转换为:从句主语 they 与 主句主语 they 一致 , heard 谓语弱化为分词, 他们是主动听到消息,doing Hearing the news , they got excited. When heated by the sun , they got excite (连词“when”一般不保留) c).''表示原因状语 例: Because I live far from the school , I have to get up early every morning. 转换为:从句主语 I 与 主句主语 I 一致 , live 谓语弱化为分词,我主动住学校,doing Living far from the school , I have to get up early every morning. 翻译:由于往得离学校远,我不得不每天早起 Because the kids have finish their homework , the kids wanted to hang out. 转换为:从句主语 kids 与 主句主语 kids 一致 , have 谓语弱化为分词,作业正在,doing Having finished their homework , the kids wanted to hang out. 翻译:已经做完了作业,孩子们想出去玩。 d).''表示条件状语 例: if you keep on learning English , you will eventually make propress. 转换为:从句主语 you 与 主句主语 you 一致 , keep 谓语弱化为分词,你主动坚持,doing Keeping on learning English , you will eventually make progress. 翻译: 如果坚持学习英语,你最终会取得进步 If we are united , we stand ; divided , we fall 转换为:从句主语 we 与 主句主语 we 一致 , united 谓语弱化为分词,我们是被动团结,done United , we stand ; divided , we fall 翻译: 如果坚持学习英语,你最终会取得进步 e).''表示结果状语 例: The cup dropped to the ground , so the cup breaks into pieces. 转换为:从句主语 The cup 与 主句主语 The cup 一致 , breaks 谓语弱化为分词,杯子主动摔,doing The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces. 翻译:杯子掉到地上,摔成了碎片。 It rained heavily , so it caused serious flooding in that area. 转换为:从句主语 It 与 主句主语 It 一致 , caused 谓语弱化为分词,水灾是主动造成,doing It rained heavily , causing serious flooding in that area. 翻译:雨下得很大,在那个地区造成了严重的水灾。 f).''表示让步状语 例: Though Charlie understood no Itlian, Charlie was able to communicate with them. 转换为:从句主语 Charlie 与 主句主语 Charlie 一致 , understood 谓语弱化为分词,查理不懂,doing Though understanding no Italian , Charlie was able to communicate with them. 翻译:虽然查理不懂意大利语,但她能和他们交流。
Having been told many times , he still repeated the same mistake. 翻译:虽已被告知多次,他仍然重复着同样的错误。 g).''表示伴随状语 例: The old man was fast asleep , (holding a book in his hand). 老人手里拿着一本书,睡得很熟 The teacher came into the lab , (followed by some students). 老师走进实验室,后面跟着一些学生。 1. jumping out of a boat,______________. 翻译:这个人从船上跳下来,被鲨鱼咬了 解析: 前句是一个从句,后面肯定要是一个 主句(有主有谓) C、D 中, bitten 是一个分词 ,不是谓语,需要加一个be 动词 A. the shark bites the man . B. the shark bit the man. C.. the man was bitten by a shark D . tha man bitten by a shark. 2. Before singing the school song,_________. 翻译:在唱校歌之前,他们先背诵了一首诗 解析:recited 是过去式 , reciting 分词 需要加一个be 动词 A. a poem was recited . B. recited a poem C.. they recited a poem D. they reciting a poem 3. _______ neglecting our education , my father sent my brother and me to a summer school. 翻译:由于父亲被指责忽视教育,父亲把我和弟弟送进了暑期学校 解析:被动 A.. Accused of B. That he was accused of C. Accusing of D. To be accused of ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 主动 | 被动 | | | doing | done | | 进行 | | being done | | 完成 | having done | having been done |
作用: 1.动词————形容词(作定语) 2.分词————状语 位置:单个词前置 多个词后置(being done "天生后置" 意思:正在被 ) Hearing the joke , we all burst out laughing Having heard the joke , we all burst our laughing 听了这个笑话,我们都大笑起来 例: 原: Although he failed two times , he was finally admitted by Peking University. 一般: Failing two times , he was finally admitted by Peking University. 完成: Having failed two times , he was finally admitted by Peking University 翻译: 尽管他失败了两次,他最终还是被北京大学录取了 原: Although he was told many times , he still repeated the same mistake. 一般: told many times , he still repeated the same mistake. 完成: Having been told many times , he still repeated the same mistake. 翻译: 虽然被告诉了很多次,他还是重复同样的错误 1. ________ that everything was in place , he locked up the shop and went home . 翻译:检查一切就绪后,他锁好商店的门,回家去了 解析:检查是主动, A、B , 检查完,B A. Checking B.. Having checked C. Having been checked 2. the explorer , ____ in the tropical forest , would find his way through it. 翻译:这位探险家被遗弃在热带森林里,他将找到穿越森林的路 解析:完成、被动 A. to be deserted B. having deserted C. to have been deserted D.. having been deserted 3. ________ the letter , he went out to post it. 翻译:信写好后,他出去寄信 解析:完成、主动 A. Writing B. Being written C.. Having written D. Written 4. ________ some officials , Napoleon inspcted his army. 翻译:在一些官员的陪同下,拿破仑检阅了他的军队 解析:被跟着,需要 by ,正在被跟着 A. Followed B.. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed by 5. _______ such heavy pollution already , in may now be too late clean up the river. 翻译:这条河已经遭受了如此严重的污染,现在要清理已经太晚了 解析:完成 A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. suffered 6. Mr.Thomas found the coins while _____ in his back garden. 翻译:托马斯先生在他的后花园挖掘时发现了这些硬币 解析:主动 A.. digging B. was digging C. dug D. being digging Beaten by his father , tears fall from the boy’s eyes. “Beaten”分词作状语,说明 从句 和 主语的主语相同 “tears” 眼泪, 从句中,眼泪被他爸爸打了? 错误的 应该是他被他爸爸打 改正: Beaten by his father , the boy starts crying. The best lawyers made skycrapers-full of money , tempting ever more students to pile into law school. ———————— 分词作状语 翻译:最好的律师赚了一大笔钱,吸引越来越多的学生涌入法学院 In recent years , railroads have been combining with each other, merging into super systems , causing heighten concerns about monopoly. ——————— 翻译:近年来,铁路公司相互合并,合并成超级系统,引发了对垄断的担忧 待在温暖与舒适的温室里,一朵花正在开放。 Staying in the warm and comfortable greenhouse , a flower is blossoming. 但是,不它被挪到暴风骤雨中,它马上就蔫掉了。 原: when the flower is exposed to the rain and storm , it withers immediately 分词:exposed to the rain and storm , it withers immediately ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 主动 | 被动 | | | doing | done | | 进行 | | being done | | 完成 | having done | having been done | 结构: 不同主语,(连接词)+ 名词 + 分词 作用:状语从句省略(不同主语情况) 称为“独立主格结构” 气温下降太快,我们不能再穿裙子了。 原:Because temperature falls rapidly , we can no longer wear dress. 分词:temperature falling rapidly , we can no longer wear dress. 例: 1. 车呼啸而过,烟雾从排气管跑了出来 A car roared past ; smoke pours from the exhaust. 原: when a car roared past , smoke pours from the exhaust 分词: A car roaring past , smoke pours from the exhaust 2. 阳光在天上闪耀,海鸥在空中翱翔, 微风在一旁轻语,我躲在沙滩上. Sum sines in the sky , seagulls fly high wind murmurs , I lie on the beach 分词: Sun shining in the sky , seagulls flying high, wind murmuring , I lie on the beach 1. The murderer was brought in , with his hands ______ behind his back. 翻译:凶手被带了进来,双手反绑在背后 解析: 前句是主句,后句是从句 ,缺分词,而不是谓语 A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D.. tied 2. The students ______ all the exercises , the teacher went on to explain the text. 翻译: 学生做完所有的练习后,老师继续解释课文 解析: 名词 + 分词 不作谓语,主动做作业 A. doing B. done C.. haveing done D. to have done ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 逻辑主语(名词)+ to do (主动) 逻辑主语(名词)+ to be done (被动) 由to do 构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或者状态,在句中作原因状语,偶尔作条件状语。 例: No one to wake me up , I might be late for the first class. 没人叫醒我,我第一节课可能会迟到 problems ______ (solve) , my father faels anxious 有问题要解决,我父亲很焦虑 to be solved ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- with 复合结构 with + 独立主格 1. with + 名词 + to do 例: With so much work to do , I cannot spare a minute. 有这么多工作要做,我一分钟都抽不出来 2. with + 名词 + doing 例: With so many children talking and laughing , I couldn’t settle down to my work. 这么多孩子有说有笑,我无法静下心来工作 3. with + 名词 + dong 例:The murder was brought in , with his hands tied. 凶手被带了进来,双手反绑在背后 现在分词 过去分词 | | 主动 | 被动 | | | doing | done | | 进行 | | being done | | 完成 | having done | having been done | 1.定语(动———形容词) 2.状语 doing 主动,未完成 同主语:直接改成分词 dong 被动,已完成 不同主语:独立主格 (名词 + 分词/不定式) 逻辑主语(名词)+ to do (主动) 逻辑主语(名词)+ to be done (被动) (with + 名词 + 分词/不定式) with + 名词 + to do with + 名词 + doing with + 名词 + dong 独立成分作状语 有些 to do/doing 的固定结构,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响 Generally speaking... 一般说来 Frankly speaking... 坦白地说 To be frank ... 坦白地说 Judging from ... 根据...来判断 To tell you the truth... 说实话 To be honest... 说实话 例: Frankly speaking/ To be frank , the book is worth reading. 坦白地说,这本书值得一读 Judging from the weather , the sports meeting will be put off 根据天气判断,运动会将会推迟 To tell you the truth/To be honest , I have passed the CET4 说实话,我已经通过了大学英文四组考试
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